Green Packaging Certifications Explained: GRS, FSC, EN 13432, OK Compost, and BPI Compared
Walk into any sourcing office and you will see the word green doing a lot of different jobs on a single line item. One supplier calls their recycled stretch film GRS certified; another prints the OK Compost mark on a kraft paper tape reel; a third leans on a FSC logo for their carton and paper core and assumes it covers everything. The trouble is that each of these marks was built for a different family of claim, and none of them automatically covers the others. A GRS label says nothing about whether something will compost; an FSC certificate does not apply to plastic film at all; and a seedling mark does not say whether it is home or industrial composting. If your specification or your customer is asking you to be green, the first thing to do is to know which family a given mark belongs to, what it actually audits, and where it stops. This guide walks through the five marks that come up most often in film and tape sourcing in 2026 - GRS, FSC, EN 13432, OK Compost, and BPI - and gives you a comparison you can put straight into a specification.

Why the Labels Get Confused
Most of the confusion comes from one word being used in three different places. The word green can mean recycled content, it can mean responsibly sourced fiber, and it can mean compostability, and the three have almost nothing in common except the marketing color. Recycled content is about where the raw material came from - a percentage of the film that was reprocessed from post-consumer or post-industrial waste. Fibers are about how wood and pulp were harvested and managed, which is a forest-chain question, not a plastics question. Compostability is a performance claim about what happens when the material ends up in a composting environment - that it breaks down into carbon dioxide, water, and biomass within a defined period and passes ecotoxicity and heavy-metal limits. Each of those needs its own independent audit and its own mark, and a supplier cannot borrow one to stand in for another. The buyer who understands this stops treating green as a single adjective and starts reading which mark is on which material, which is exactly what a good specification does.
The Recycled-Content Family: GRS
GRS stands for the Global Recycled Standard, and it is the mark that matters for a recycled stretch film or a recycled-content tape. What it audits is two things at once: the recycled percentage and the chain of custody. The recycled percentage is verified at the raw-material level, and the chain of custody is a documented trail that follows the material from the reprocessor, through the film maker, to the finished reel, so that a recycled claim cannot be applied to material that was never recycled. There is a practical threshold worth knowing: a certification can be issued from a minimum of 20 percent recycled content, but the right to use the GRS logo on packaging and in marketing is reserved for material that is 50 percent recycled or higher. Below 50 percent, a supplier can state the percentage as a certified claim but should not put the logo on the label. For a film range, that means the recycled-content grade is certified with a stated percentage and a documented custody trail, and if you are building a claim on the label you want to know exactly which side of the 50 percent line the material sits on, because that is what determines whether the logo is allowed.
The Fiber Family: FSC
FSC stands for the Forest Stewardship Council, and it is the mark for responsibly sourced wood and fiber, not for plastics. It certifies that the wood or paper in a product comes from a forest managed to a defined environmental, social, and economic standard, and that the fiber chain of custody from that forest to the finished product is documented. For a film and tape supplier, FSC shows up on the paper side of the business: the paper core of a roll, the kraft paper tape itself where it is made from paper, the carton, and the labels. It does not apply to the plastic film, the BOPP tape, or any polymer material. That distinction trips a lot of people up, because a supplier will sometimes display an FSC certificate on a page and a reader will assume the plastic is covered. It is not. If you are writing a specification that has both a film and a paper component, the FSC line item should be scoped to the paper core, the paper tape, and the carton, and the recycled-content claim for the film should be a separate GRS line item. Keeping those two families on separate rows is the single clearest way to avoid a false green claim.
The Compostability Family: EN 13432, OK Compost, BPI, and the Seedling
This is the family where the labels are the densest and the distinctions matter most, because compostability is the claim that most often gets overstated. The common thread across the three main marks is that each one tests a material against a defined standard for biodegradation, disintegration, ecotoxicity, and heavy-metal content, and each one tells you whether the material is suitable for industrial composting, home composting, or both. EN 13432 is the European standard, issued under CEN, and it defines industrial composting - the high-temperature, professionally managed composting facility. It is not a home-compost standard, and saying something is compostable because it passes EN 13432 without adding the word industrial is the single most common mislabel in the industry. OK Compost, issued by TUV, is a certification mark rather than a standard; it certifies a product against EN 13432 for the industrial version and against a separate home-composting standard for the home version, so the mark itself tells you which environment it is approved for. BPI is the North American equivalent, certifying against ASTM D6400 for industrial composting and ASTM D6868 which includes a home-composting category. And the little seedling mark you see in Europe is the DIN CERTCO mark, which is the visual shorthand for EN 13432 industrial composting. The thing to hold onto is that every one of these is a plant-based or compostable material claim, and it only applies to material that is actually designed to compost - a conventional polyethylene stretch film, even a recycled one, is not compostable under any of these, and no one should suggest it is. For a green film and tape range, the compostable line is the one made from plant-based resin and a plant-based adhesive, and it carries the industrial-compost mark, and the buyer should be told plainly that it is industrial, not home.
Reading the Labels: A Comparison
Putting the five marks side by side makes the boundaries clear, and it is the fastest way to build a specification row for each claim.
| Mark | Family | What it certifies | Applies to film? | Notes |
|---|
| GRS | Recycled content | Audited recycled percentage with chain of custody | Yes | Certifiable from 20 percent; logo only for 50 percent and above |
| FSC | Fiber and forest | Responsibly sourced wood and fiber with a custody trail | No (paper only) | Paper cores, cartons, labels, paper tapes |
| EN 13432 | Compostability | Industrial-compostable packaging (EU standard) | Yes (if plant-based) | Not home-compostable |
| OK Compost | Compostability | TUV compostability, industrial and home versions | Yes (if plant-based) | Industrial aligns with EN 13432 |
| BPI | Compostability | North American composting (ASTM D6400 and D6868) | Yes (if plant-based) | Industrial and home versions |
How to Use This in a Specification
The practical move is to give each claim its own row and to name the standard behind it, rather than writing one green line item and leaving the interpretation to the supplier. A recycled stretch film row should name GRS and the certified recycled percentage, and whether it crosses the 50 percent line for the logo. A paper core or carton row should name FSC and the custody type. A compostable row should name the standard - EN 13432 for the EU industrial route, or the OK Compost or BPI mark for a regional one - and it should say the word industrial explicitly, because that is the difference between a film that belongs in a professional composting facility and one that a buyer cannot put into a home compost bin. When you put it that way, a specification stops being a place where green is asserted and becomes a place where green is defined. If you are working through a multi-material packaging - a compostable inner, a recycled film, and an FSC paper carton - you can run all three as separate certified rows in the same document, and every row checks out independently. That is the version of green that survives an audit.
See our certifications and compliance marks on the company page, or ask us for the certificate set for a specific film or tape and we will send the GRS, compostability, and fiber documents for the exact material you are specing. We would rather you read the label correctly now than find a gap in a customer audit later.
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