EN 13432 Compostable Packaging: The Four Criteria That Separate Real Certification From Greenwashing
Every packaging supplier wants to say their product is compostable, but the word is doing a lot of unverified work in most marketing materials. EN 13432 is the European standard that defines what “compostable” actually means for packaging, and it is specific enough that a product either passes it or it does not. Understanding the four criteria behind the standard is the fastest way to tell a certified compostable product from one that is simply hoping no one checks.
What EN 13432 Actually Covers
EN 13432 is a CEN standard from the European committee for standardization, and it applies to packaging intended for disposal via composting or anaerobic digestion. The critical word in the scope is the process: EN 13432 is written for industrial composting facilities that operate at controlled high temperatures, not for a backyard compost bin. This distinction is the single most common source of greenwashing, because a product that is industrially compostable is not automatically home-compostable, and a product marketed as biodegradable without any standard reference has not been proven to break down at all.
The standard is also a performance standard, not a materials list. You can meet EN 13432 with different chemistry - kraft paper with a plant-based adhesive, certain cellulose films, or specific biopolymer blends - as long as the finished product clears all four tests. That is why a compliant supplier can offer compostable kraft tape, compostable film, and compostable labels that all carry the same claim.
The Four Pass/FAIL Criteria
EN 13432 requires a product to pass four separate laboratory assessments before it can be certified. They are not interchangeable, and a product that fails even one of them cannot carry the claim.
1. Biodegradation - at least 90 percent of the carbon in the material must convert to CO2 within 180 days under standard industrial composting conditions, tested according to ISO 14855. This is the core requirement and the one most often cited.
2. Disintegration - after 12 weeks, no more than 10 percent of the material may remain above a 2 millimeter mesh when the sample is shaken, tested according to ISO 16929. This ensures the product actually breaks into small pieces rather than just losing mass.
3. Ecotoxicity - the compost produced from the material must not be significantly more toxic than a reference compost, assessed under OECD 208. This rules out materials that break down but release harmful byproducts.
4. Chemical limits - levels of heavy metals and, where relevant, other regulated elements such as fluorine must fall below the thresholds set by the standard. This is the clause that makes compostable claims credible against PFAS and other persistent substances.
Industrial Versus Home Composting
Industrial composting operates at roughly 55 to 60 degrees Celsius under controlled moisture and aeration, which is the environment EN 13432 is written for. Home composting typically sits at 20 to 25 degrees Celsius and is far less controlled, so it is not covered by EN 13432. A separate, stricter standard, EN 13432-adjacent home-composting schemes such as the ones behind the “home compostable” marks, covers that lower-temperature case. The practical rule for a buyer: if a product says industrially compostable, it belongs in a commercial compost facility, and it will not reliably break down in a home bin. The correct phrasing is “EN 13432 industrially compostable,” not simply “biodegradable,” because the latter has no regulatory meaning.
How to Verify a Compostable Claim
Three checks turn a vague claim into something you can rely on in a specification. First, look for a recognized certification mark from an accredited body - OK Compost from TUV, the BPI mark in North America, or the DIN CERTCO Seedling in Germany - rather than a generic “compostable” label with no issuer. Second, ask the supplier for the underlying test report that shows all four criteria, not just the biodegradation number. Third, confirm the chain of custody so the certified material is actually the material in your roll, not a certified batch that was sold to someone else.
Why This Matters for Exporters
European buyers are increasingly writing compostability into their technical specifications because the PPWR pushes them to keep packaging out of landfill and mis-sorted recycling. A stretch film or tape that carries a defensible EN 13432 claim, with a per-lot report available, lets a buyer route the packaging into the compost stream with confidence and report it in their waste data. A product that only claims “biodegradable” will not survive that review, and the buyer will move to a supplier that can document the four tests. The gap between the two is small to close and large to ignore.
Request an EN 13432 compostable tape or film sample with the full four-criteria test report. We can match your width, gauge, and adhesive specification.
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